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There was infighting between the Republican factions, and that the Communists following Stalinism declared the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM, an anti-Stalinist communist party) to be an illegal organization, along with the Anarchists. The Stalinists betrayed and committed mass atrocities on the other Republican factions, such as torture and mass executions. George Orwell would record this in his Homage to Catalonia as well as write Nineteen Eighty-Four and Animal Farm to criticize Stalinism.[417][418][419] As pressure mounted with the increasing success of the Nationalists, many civilians were executed by councils and tribunals controlled by competing Communist and anarchist groups.[408] Some members of the latter were executed by Soviet-advised communist functionaries in Catalonia,[414] as recounted by George Orwell's description of the purges in Barcelona in 1937 in which followed a period of increasing tension between competing elements of the Catalan political scene.

Thirty-eight thousand people were killed in the Republican zone during the war, 17,000 of whom were killed in Madrid or Catalonia within a month of the coup. Whilst the Communists were forthright in their support of extrajudicial killings, much of the Republican side was appalled by the murders.

西班牙内战中共和军的内讧和大清洗，清洗规模之大甚至让他们自己都震惊。佛朗哥一方也是暴行累累，共和军一方暴行也不少，基本上包含了对外处决和对内清洗两个典型的共产主义特征，就算共和军一方获胜，也只是重复上世纪共产国家的历史。

不过，从斯大林放弃他们之后，共和军就不可能赢得西班牙内战了。

>>西班牙内战中共和军的内讧和大清洗，清洗规模之大甚至让他们自己都震惊。佛朗哥一方也是暴行累累，共和军一...

弗朗哥的暴行是对共和派的，在弗朗哥这边，法西斯分子，教会势力，君主派（包括阿方索派和卡洛斯派），以及农村地主之间，可没有发生共和派这边，自由主义者，无政府主义者，斯大林主义者，托派和加泰巴斯克等地方民族分离派自相残杀的事情。究其原因，还是内战开始时民族主义者这边发生的飞机失事，让弗朗哥成为无争议的民族主义起义军领袖。而共和国争取不到英法的支持，苏联的支持又是这么心黑包藏祸心。

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